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integer form

Толкование Перевод

1 integer form

Математика: целочисленная форма

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > integer form
2 integer form

мат.

целочисленная форма

English-Russian scientific dictionary > integer form
3 form

1) анкета; бланк

2) вид; форма || придавать вид или форму

3) контур; очертание

4) конфигурация

5) разновидность

6) строит. опалубка; элемент опалубки

7) скамейка, лавочка

8) формуляр

9) составлять; образовывать

10) формироваться

•

calculation in a series form — матем. вычисление с помощью ряда

evaluation of indeterminate form — матем. раскрытие неопределённости

expression in a closed form — выражение в конечном виде

fraction in a factored form — матем. дробь в форме разложения на множители

in a functonal form — в виде функции

in an expanded form — в виде ряда; в развёрнутом виде

integration in a closed form — матем. интегрирование в конечном виде

in the form of — в виде

of closed form — матем. в конечном виде, с конечным числом членов

preparation of type form — полигр. чернение набора

reduction to a normal form — матем. приведение к нормальной форме

to be supplied in a knock-down form — поставляться в разобранном виде

to bring into a canonical form — матем. приводить к канонической форме; приводить к каноническому виду

to draw up in a draft form — составлять начерно

to form a knee — сгибаться под углом

to form a circle — замыкаться в кольцо; образовывать кольцо

to form an angle with — образовывать угол c

to form an erect image — давать прямое изображение

to present in a factor form — разлагать на множители

to rearrange in the form — переписывать в виде; преобразовывать к виду ( об уравнениях)

to reduce equation to a form — приводить уравнение к виду

to simplify to this form — упростить и привести к следующему виду

to take on a form — принимать форму; принимать вид

- abridged form

- absolute form

- absolutely bounded form
- absolutely convergent form - absolutely extreme form
- abstract form

- adjoint form

- alternating form

- antiholomorphic form

- antilinear form

- antisymmetric form

- arithmetical form

- assertional form

- asymptotic form

- autodual form

- automorphic form

- bihomogeneous form

- bilinear form

- binomial form

- biquadratic form

- blank form

- block form

- boundary form

- bounded form

- bundle form

- categorical form

- center-radius form

- characteristic form

- classical canonical form

- classically integral form

- closable form

- coclosed form

- coded form

- coercive form

- collapsible form

- combinatory form

- compact form

- complementary boundary form

- completely positive form

- complex form

- complex-valued form

- condensed form

- confluent form

- conjugate form

- conjunctive form

- connection form

- contact form

- contiguous form

- contracted form

- convergent form

- convex form

- copositive form

- cubic form

- curvature form

- cusp form

- decimal form

- decomposable form

- defined form
- definite form
- degenerate form

- diagonal form

- diagonalized form

- difference form

- differential form

- dimensionless form

- discontinuous form

- disjunctive form

- distributive form

- divergence form

- dominant form

- double form

- echelon form

- effective form

- elemental form
- elementary form - elimination form of inverse
- elliptic form

- enantiomorphous form

- equivalent forms

- equivariant form

- essentually definite form
- everywhere regular form - evolutionary operation form
- exact form

- expanded form

- explicit form

- exponential form

- extensive form

- exterior form

- extreme form

- fiber form

- final form

- first fundamental form

- flat form

- form of constraint

- functional form

- fundamental form

- gage form

- generalized form

- generally covariant form
- geodesic curvature form
- goniometric form

- ground form

- hemihedral form

- holohedral form

- homological form

- horizontal form

- hyperbolic form

- hypocontinuous form

- implicative form

- implicit form

- imprimitive form

- improperly primitive form
- indefinite form
- indeterminate form

- index form

- inertia form

- inhomogeneous modular form

- initial form

- integer form

- integrable form

- integrated form of equation

- integro-differential form

- integro-power form

- intercept form

- intersection form

- invariant form

- irreducible form

- irredundant form

- iteratable form

- iterated form

- krakowian form

- left-invariant form

- limiting form

- locally compactifiable form

- logarithmical form

- measurable form

- meromorphic form

- message form

- minimal form

- modular form

- m-sectorial form

- multilinear form

- multiplicative form

- name form

- n-ary form

- negative definite form

- negative form

- negative semidefinite form

- neutral form

- nondegenerate form

- nonfull form

- nonnegative definite form

- nonnegative form

- nonpositive definite form

- nonpositive form

- nonsingular form

- norm form

- normal disjunctive form

- normed form

- normic form

- nuclear bilinear form

- null form

- numerical form

- one-signed quadratic form

- open form

- operator form

- optically active form
- p-adically equivalent form
- parametric form

- perfect form

- Pfaffian form

- piecewise linear form

- point-direction form

- point-slope form

- polarization form

- polarized form

- polylinear form

- polynomial form

- positive semidefinite form

- predicate form

- prime form

- primitive quadratic form

- principal form

- product form

- projective form

- properly equivalent forms

- propositional form

- pseudoasymptotic form

- pseudoelliptical form

- pseudoholomorphic form

- pseudoquadratic form

- pseudovolume form

- quantifier form

- quartic form

- quasiasymptotic form

- quasibilinear form

- quasidiagonal form

- quasinatural form

- quasinormal form

- quasiregular form

- quaternary form

- quaternion form

- rational form

- real-valued form

- reciprocal form

- rectangular form of complex number

- reduced echelon form

- reduced form of quadratic equation

- reduced form

- reflexive form

- relative defferential form
- relatively bounded form - repair request form
- residual form

- residue form

- resolving form

- resultant form

- scalar form

- second fundamental form

- self-conjugate form

- self-dual form

- semibasic form

- semibilinear form

- semicanonical form

- semicontinuous form

- semidefinite form

- semidiscrete form

- semiequivalent form

- seminormal form

- separately continuous form

- sesquilinear form

- shape form

- sharp form

- sign-and-absolute-value form

- simplified form

- skew-symmetric form

- slope-intercept form

- smooth form

- solder form

- space form

- special minimal form

- spectral form

- spinor form

- statement form

- strictly positive form

- structural form

- supercusp form

- symbolic form

- symmetric form of equation

- symmetrized form

- symplectic form

- tensorial form

- ternary quadratic form
- third fundamental form
- three-point form

- torsion form

- totally continuous form
- totally definite form - totally discontinuous form
- trace form

- transposed form

- trilinear form

- triple-diagonal form

- two-intercept form

- two-point form

- unbounded form

- unit bilinear form

- unitary form

- vectorial form

- vector-valued form

- vicinal form

- weighted form of lemma

English-Russian scientific dictionary > form
4 integer number

form < math> ■ ganze Zahl f

English-german technical dictionary > integer number
5 form factor

1. видовое число

factor of an integer — делитель целого числа

fault factor — коэффициент уменьшения числа неисправностей

2. конструктивная характеристика

operational factor — рабочая характеристика

operating factor — рабочая характеристика

3. коэффициент формы

skew factor — коэффициент скоса

ash factor — зольный коэффициент

crest factor — коэффициент формы

force factor — коэффициент связи

loss factor — коэффициент потерь

The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > form factor
6 целочисленная форма

integer form мат.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > целочисленная форма
7 целочисленная форма

Mathematics: integer form, integral form

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > целочисленная форма
8 целочисленная форма

мат. integer form

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > целочисленная форма
9 видовое число

form factor

формольное число — formol value

в высоком числе повторений — for high reps

делитель целого числа — factor of an integer

формат целых чисел без знака — unsigned-integer format

коэффициент уменьшения числа неисправностей — fault factor

Русско-английский научный словарь > видовое число
10 रूपम् _rūpam

रूपम् [रूप् क भावे अच् वा Uṇ.3.28]

1 Form, figure, appearance; विरूपं रूपवन्तं वा पुमानित्येव भुञ्जते Pt.1.143; so सुरूप, कुरूप &c.

-2 Form or the quality of colour (one of the 24 guṇas of the Vaiśeṣikas); चर्क्षुर्मात्रग्राह्यजातिमान् गुणो रूपम् Tarka K; (it is of six kinds:-- शुक्ल, कृष्ण, पीत, रक्त, हरित, कपिल, or of seven, if चित्र be added).

-3 Any visible object or thing.

-4 A handsome form or figure, beautiful form, beauty, elegance, grace; मानुषीषु कथं वा स्यादस्य रूपस्य संभवः Ś.1.25; विद्या नाम नरस्य रूपमधिकम् Bh.2.2; रूपं जरा हन्ति &c.

-5 Natural state or condi- tion, nature, property, characteristic, essence; circum- stances (opp. to 'time' and 'place'); देशं रूपं च कालं च व्यवहारविधौ स्थितः Ms.8.45.

-6 Mode, manner.

-7 A sign, feature.

-8 Kind, sort, species.

-9 An image, a reflected image.

-1 Similitude, resemblance.

-11 Speci- men, type, pattern.

-12 An inflected form, the form of a noun or a verb derived from inflection (declension or conjugation).

-13 The number one, an arithmetical unit.

-14 An integer.

-15 A drama, play; see रूपक.

-16 Acquiring familiarity with any book by learning it by heart or by frequent recitation.

-17 Cattle.

-18 A sound, a word.

-19 A known quantity.

-2 A beast.

-21 A verse.

-22 A name.

-23 The white colour.

-24 A particular coin (as a rupee); कस्यचिद् गृहे चोरयित्वा रूपाभिग्राहितो बद्धः Dk.2.4.

-25 Silver; मसारगल्वर्कसुवर्णरूपैः Mb.7.16.54. (रूप is fre- quently used at the end of comp. in the sense of 'for- med or composed of', 'consisting of', 'in the form of', 'namely'; having the appearance or colour of', तपो- रूपं धनम्; धर्मरूपः सखा &c.). -m.

-पः a deer.

-Comp. -अधिबोधः the perception of form or colour of any object by the senses.

-अक्षिग्राहित a. caught in the act, caught red-handed.

-अस्त्रः Cupid.

-आजीवा, -जीवना a harlot, prostitute, courtezan; रूपाजीवाश्च वादिन्यो वणिजश्च महाधनाः Rām; रूपाजीवाः स्नानप्रघर्षशुद्धशरीराः Kau. A.1.2.

-आवली a list or series of variations of grammatical forms.

-आश्रय a. exceedingly beautiful; त्वष्टा रूपाश्रयं रथम् Bhāg.4.15.17.

-इन्द्रियम् the organ which per- ceives form and colour, the eye.

-उच्चयः a collection of lovely forms; रूपोच्चयेन मनसा विधिना कृता नु Ś.2.1.

-उपजीवनम् the gaining a livelihood by a beautiful form; रङ्गावतरणं चैव तथा रूपोपजीवनम् Mb.12.294.5. (com. रूपोपजीवनं जलमण्डपिकेति दाक्षिणात्येषु प्रसिद्धम् । यत्र सूक्ष्म- वस्त्रं व्यवधाय चर्ममयैराकारै राजामात्यादीनां चर्या प्रदर्श्यते).

-कारः, -कृत् m. a sculptor; रूपकारो$पि शस्त्रेण क्रीडयैवोल्लिलेख ताम् Ks.37.8.9.

-गुणः the quality of colour; वायोरपि विकुर्वाणाद्विरोचिष्णु तमोनुदम् । ज्योतिरुत्पद्यते भास्वत्तद्रूपगुणमुच्यते Ms.1.77.

-ग्रहः the eye.

-ज्ञ a. perceiving forms, dis- tinguishing visible objects; त्वं तु प्रत्यक्षदर्शी च रूपज्ञश्च महा- भुजः Mb.14.6.2.

-तत्त्वम् inherent property, essence.

-तर्कः an assay-master or inspector of mint (?).

-धर a. of the form of, disguised as; जुगोप गोरूपधरामिवोर्वीम् R.2.3.

-धारिन् 1 having a form or shape.

-2 Pos- sessed of beauty, lovely. (-m.) an actor.

-ध्येयम् beuaty.

-नाशनः an owl.

-परिकल्पना the assuming of a shape; Rām.

-भागानुबन्धः the addition of a fraction to a unit.

-भागापवादः the subtraction of a fraction from a unit.

-भेदः (in gram.) diversity of phonetic form or sound.

-लावण्यम् exquisiteness of form, elegance.

-विपर्ययः disfigurement, morbid change of bodily form.

-विभागः the dividing of an integer number into fractions.

-शालिन् a. beautiful.

-संपद्, -संपत्तिः f. perfection or excellence of form, richness of beauty, superb beauty; उदपादि चास्या रूपसंपदा आविर्भूतविस्मयस्य तस्य मनसि K.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > रूपम् _rūpam
11 число

count, figure, number, numeral

* * *
число́ с.
1. (совокупность предметов и т. п.) count, number

2. ( математическое представление исчислимого количества) number

вводи́ть число́ (в счё́тную маши́ну) — key [enter] a number into (a calculator)

изобража́ть число́ — represent a number

обознача́ть число́ — express a number

число́ о́бщее — total of …

округли́ть число́ — round off a number

представля́ть число́ в дополни́тельном ко́де вчт. — cast a number in true complement form

представля́ть число́ в обра́тном ко́де вчт. — cast a number in base [radix] minus ones complement form

представля́ть число́ в прямо́м ко́де вчт. — cast a number in sign-and-magnitude [in sign-and-absolute value] form

представля́ть двои́чное число́ в дополни́тельном ко́де вчт. — cast a binary number in 2's complement form

представля́ть двои́чное число́ в обра́тном ко́де вчт. — cast a binary number in 1's complement form

представля́ть десяти́чное число́ в дополни́тельном ко́де вчт. — cast a decimal number in 10's complement form

представля́ть десяти́чное число́ в обра́тном ко́де вчт. — cast a decimal number in 9's complement form

сбра́сывать чи́сла (на счё́тной маши́не) — clear the calculator

составля́ть ( такое-то) [m2]число́ — be in (such and such number)

число́ кана́лов (составля́ет) четы́ре — the channels are four in number

усека́ть число́ — truncate a number

3. ( в таблицах) ( не путать c №№ n/n) No. of …

4. ( количество) quantity

проверя́ть число́, напр. болто́в — check, e. g., the bolts for correct count

число́ А́ббе — Abbe number

число́ Авога́дро — Avogadro number

арифмети́ческое число́ — arithmetic number, absolute number

а́томное число́ — atomic number

ацето́новое число́ — acetone number

число́ без зна́ка вчт. — unsigned number

безразме́рное число́ — dimensionless [nondimensional, pure] number

число́ Берну́лли — Bernoulli number

число́ Ве́бера — Weber number

веще́ственное число́ — real number

взаи́мно-просты́е чи́сла — coprime numbers, relatively prime numbers

водоро́дное число́ — hydrogen number

водяно́е число́ ( калориметра) — water equivalent

волново́е число́ — wave number

гидрокси́льное число́ — hydroxyl number

число́ Грасго́фа — Grashoff number

число́ Гре́ца — Graetz number

двои́чно-десяти́чное число́ — binary coded decimal [BCD] number

двои́чное число́ — binary number

двои́чно-пятери́чное число́ — biquinary number

число́ двойны́х ходо́в в мину́ту — strokes per minute, s.p.m.

десяти́чное число́ — decimal (number)

десяти́чное, двои́чно-коди́рованное число́ — binary coded decimal [BCD] number

докрити́ческое число́ мех. — subcritical number

дро́бное число́ — fraction, fractional [broken] number

закрити́ческое число́ мех. — beyond-critical [supercritical] number

n
-зна́чное число́ — n -digit number

золото́е число́ — the golden number

изотопи́ческое число́ — isotopic number

имено́ванное число́ — denominate(d) number

иррациона́льное число́ — irrational (number), surd (number)

ио́дное число́ — iodine number, iodine value

число́ кавита́ции — cavitation number

кардина́льное число́ — cardinality, cardinal number

число́ Карма́на — Karman number

ква́нтовое число́ — quantum number

ква́нтовое, азимута́льное число́ — azimuthal quantum number

ква́нтовое, вну́треннее число́ — inner quantum number

ква́нтовое, гла́вное число́ — first [principal] quantum number

ква́нтовое, магни́тное число́ — magnetic quantum number

ква́нтовое, спи́новое число́ — spin quantum number

кислоро́дное число́ — oxygen number

кисло́тное число́ — acid number

ко́мплексное число́ — complex number

координацио́нное число́ — coordination number

кра́тное число́ — multiple

кру́глое число́ — round number

число́ Ло́кка — Lock number

число́ Лошми́дта — Loschmidt number

число́ Лью́иса — Lewis number

число́ М — Mach (number), M number

с число́м М — triplesonic

ма́ссовое число́ яд. физ. — mass [nucleon] number

число́ Ма́ха — Mach (number), M number

число́ Ма́ха, гиперзвуково́е — hypersonic M number

число́ Ма́ха, дозвуково́е — subsonic M number

число́ Ма́ха, околозвуково́е — transonic M number

число́ Ма́ха, сверхзвуково́е — supersonic [over-one] M number

число́ мест (в транспортном средстве, зрительном зале и т. п.) — seating capacity

мни́мое число́ — imaginary (number)

многозна́чное число́ — multidigit [multiplace] number

натура́льное число́ — natural number

число́ нейтрализа́ции — neutralization number

число́ нейтро́нов ( в ядре) — neutron number

ненормализо́ванное число́ — nonnormalized number

неотрица́тельное число́ — nonnegative number

нечё́тное число́ — odd number

нормализо́ванное число́ — standard [normalized] number, a number in normal form

число́ Ну́ссельта — Nusselt number

число́ оборо́тов — rotational speed

число́ оборо́тов в мину́ту — revolutions per minute, r.p.m.

число́ оборо́тов дви́гателя — engine speed

число́ оборо́тов дви́гателя на холосто́м ходу́ — idling speed

число́ оборо́тов, уде́льное — specific speed

число́ обраще́ний, допусти́мое ( в электростатических запоминающих трубках) — selection ratio

число́ обраще́нии ме́жду регенера́циями ( в электростатическом запоминающем устройстве) — read-around number, read-around ratio

число́ окисле́ния — oxidation number

окта́новое число́ — octane number, octane value, octane rating

число́ омыле́ния — saponification number, saponification value

ордина́льное число́ — ordinal (number)

отвлечё́нное число́ — dimensionless [nondimensional, pure] number

относи́тельные чи́сла — directed [signed, algebraic] numbers

отрица́тельное число́ — negative number

число́ Пекле́ — Peclet number

переводно́е число́ ( в физической химии) — transference number

переда́точное число́

1. мех. gear ratio

переда́точное число́ ме́жду зубча́тыми колё́сами А и Б равно́ 60: [m2]1 — gears A and B are geared by 60 to 1

переда́точное число́ от А к Б составля́ет 1:n ( в сервомеханизмах) — A is geared 1: n to B

2. эл. gain

переда́точное число́ два к одному́ — two-to-one ratio, two-to-one gear

число́ переда́ч — number of gears

пе́рекисное число́ — peroxide number

число́ перено́са

1. ( в физической химии) transport number

2. мат. carry quantity

пермангана́тное число́ ( целлюлозы) — permanganate number

пифаго́ровы чи́сла — Pythagorean numbers, Pythagorean triples

подкоренно́е число́ — radicand

поря́дковое число́ — ordinal; ordinal [serial] number

число́ Пра́ндтля — Prandtl number

число́ проду́ба кож. — tanning number

просто́е число́ — prime number

равнооста́точные чи́сла — congruent numbers

число́ разря́дов в реги́стре — register length

рациона́льное число́ — rational (number)

число́ Рейно́льдса — Reynolds number

число́ Рейно́льдса, крити́ческое — transition Reynolds number

число́ Ре́йхерта—Ме́йссля — Reichert-Meissl number

рода́новое число́ — thiocyanogen number, thiocyanogen value

случа́йные чи́сла — random numbers

выраба́тывать случа́йные чи́сла вчт. — generate random numbers

составно́е число́ — composite number

спиртово́е число́ — alcohol number

число́ с пла́вающей запято́й — floating-point number

число́ Строуха́ла — Strouhal number

число́ Стэ́нтона — Stanton number

число́ с фикси́рованной запято́й — fixed-point number

число́ твё́рдости — hardness number

число́ твё́рдости по Брине́ллю — Brinell (hardness) number

число́ твё́рдости по Ви́ккерсу — Vickers (hardness) number

число́ твё́рдости по Моо́су — Moos (hardness) number

число́ твё́рдости по Ро́квеллу — Rockwell (hardness) number

число́ теорети́ческих таре́лок — theoretical plate number

число́ Фараде́я — Faraday constant, faraday

фигу́рные чи́сла — figurate numbers

фле́гмовое число́ хим. — reflux ratio

число́ Фру́да — Froude number

це́лое число́ — integer, integral [whole] number

це́лое, ко́мплексное число́ — complex [Gaussian] integer

цета́новое число́ — cetane number

чё́тное число́ — even number

чи́сто мни́мое число́ — pure imaginary (number)

число́ Ше́рвуда — Sherwood number

число́ Шми́дта — Schmidt number

число́ Э́йлера — Euler number

эфи́рное число́ — ester number, ester value

Русско-английский политехнический словарь > число
12 purum

pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).
I.
Lit.
1.
Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:
purae aedes,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:
et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,
Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:
vestis,
Verg. A. 12, 169:
ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:
amnis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:
aqua,
id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:
fons,
Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:
lympha,
Sil. 7, 170:
amphorae,
Hor. Epod. 2, 15:
fictilia,
Tib. 1, 1, 30:
torus,
id. 1, 3, 26:
purissima mella,
Verg. G. 4, 163:
aëre purior ignis,
Ov. M. 15, 243:
hasta,
unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—
2.
In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:
sol,
clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:
orbis,
Ov. M. 4, 348:
caelum,
Tib. 4, 1, 10:
luna,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:
vesper,
id. ib. 3, 19, 26:
dies,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:
aurum,
refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:
argentum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:
gemma,
Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—
B.
Transf.
1.
In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:
coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,
Vitr. 7, 3; and:
utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,
Dig. 6, 1, 6:
vasa,
not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:
locus,
not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:
humus,
Cic. Sen. 15, 59:
solum,
Liv. 1, 44 fin.:
ager,
Ov. F. 3, 582:
campus,
Verg. A. 12, 771:
purus ab arboribus campus,
Ov. M. 3, 709:
hasta,
without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:
toga,
without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:
esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,
unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—
2.
Cleansing, purifying:
idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,
Verg. A. 6, 229:
sulfur,
Tib. 1, 5, 11.—
II.
Trop.
A.
Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:
animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,
Cic. Sen. 22, 80:
castus animus purusque,
id. Div. 1, 53, 121:
estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:
puriora et dilucidiora,
id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):
familia,
that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:
gladium purum ab omni caede servare,
Sen. Ep. 24, 7:
purae a civili sanguine manus,
id. Suas. 6, 2:
purus sum a peccato,
Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:
pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,
Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:
animam puram conservare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:
noctes, opp. spurcae,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:
corpus,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:
integer vitae scelerisque purus,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:
oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:
sermone puro atque dilucido,
Quint. 11, 1, 53:
sermo quam purissimus,
id. 4, 2, 118:
multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),
id. 10, 1, 94:
pura et illustris brevitas,
Cic. Brut. 75, 262:
pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,
id. ib. 75, 261:
pressus sermo purusque,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—
B.
In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:
judicium purum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:
pura et directa libertas,
Dig. 40, 4, 59:
causa,
ib. 46, 3, 5.—
C.
Clear, complete, over and above:
quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,
clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—
D.
Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:
purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,
Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.
ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,
Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—
E.
Not desecrated, undefiled.
1.
Untrodden, fresh:
locus,
Liv. 25, 17, 3.—
2.
Not defiled by a funeral or burial:
familia,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57.—
3.
Free from mourning:
dies,
Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.
A.
Lit.
(α).
Form pure:
pure eluere vasa,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:
lavare,
Liv. 5, 22.—
(β).
Form puriter:
puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,
Cato, R. R. 112:
puriter lavit dentes,
Cat. 39, 14.—
b.
Comp., brightly, clearly:
splendens Pario marmore purius,
Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:
purius osculari,
Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—
c.
Sup.:
quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,
Cato, R. R. 66.—
B.
Trop., purely, chastely; plainly, clearly, simply.
(α).
Form pure:
si forte pure velle habere dixerit,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:
quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,
Cic. Sen. 5, 13:
pure et caste deos venerari,
id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:
radix caste pureque collecta,
Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:
pure et emendate loqui,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:
pure apparere,
clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:
quid pure tranquillet,
perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—
(β).
Form puriter:
si vitam puriter egi,
Cat. 76, 19.—
b.
Sup.:
Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,
Gell. 2, 20, 5:
purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,
very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—
2.
In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:
aliquid legare,
Dig. 8, 2, 35:
contrahi,
ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > purum
13 purus

pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).
I.
Lit.
1.
Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:
purae aedes,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:
et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,
Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:
vestis,
Verg. A. 12, 169:
ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:
amnis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:
aqua,
id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:
fons,
Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:
lympha,
Sil. 7, 170:
amphorae,
Hor. Epod. 2, 15:
fictilia,
Tib. 1, 1, 30:
torus,
id. 1, 3, 26:
purissima mella,
Verg. G. 4, 163:
aëre purior ignis,
Ov. M. 15, 243:
hasta,
unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—
2.
In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:
sol,
clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:
orbis,
Ov. M. 4, 348:
caelum,
Tib. 4, 1, 10:
luna,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:
vesper,
id. ib. 3, 19, 26:
dies,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:
aurum,
refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:
argentum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:
gemma,
Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—
B.
Transf.
1.
In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:
coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,
Vitr. 7, 3; and:
utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,
Dig. 6, 1, 6:
vasa,
not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:
locus,
not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:
humus,
Cic. Sen. 15, 59:
solum,
Liv. 1, 44 fin.:
ager,
Ov. F. 3, 582:
campus,
Verg. A. 12, 771:
purus ab arboribus campus,
Ov. M. 3, 709:
hasta,
without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:
toga,
without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:
esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,
unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—
2.
Cleansing, purifying:
idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,
Verg. A. 6, 229:
sulfur,
Tib. 1, 5, 11.—
II.
Trop.
A.
Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:
animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,
Cic. Sen. 22, 80:
castus animus purusque,
id. Div. 1, 53, 121:
estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:
puriora et dilucidiora,
id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):
familia,
that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:
gladium purum ab omni caede servare,
Sen. Ep. 24, 7:
purae a civili sanguine manus,
id. Suas. 6, 2:
purus sum a peccato,
Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:
pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,
Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:
animam puram conservare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:
noctes, opp. spurcae,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:
corpus,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:
integer vitae scelerisque purus,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:
oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:
sermone puro atque dilucido,
Quint. 11, 1, 53:
sermo quam purissimus,
id. 4, 2, 118:
multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),
id. 10, 1, 94:
pura et illustris brevitas,
Cic. Brut. 75, 262:
pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,
id. ib. 75, 261:
pressus sermo purusque,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—
B.
In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:
judicium purum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:
pura et directa libertas,
Dig. 40, 4, 59:
causa,
ib. 46, 3, 5.—
C.
Clear, complete, over and above:
quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,
clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—
D.
Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:
purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,
Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.
ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,
Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—
E.
Not desecrated, undefiled.
1.
Untrodden, fresh:
locus,
Liv. 25, 17, 3.—
2.
Not defiled by a funeral or burial:
familia,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57.—
3.
Free from mourning:
dies,
Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.
A.
Lit.
(α).
Form pure:
pure eluere vasa,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:
lavare,
Liv. 5, 22.—
(β).
Form puriter:
puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,
Cato, R. R. 112:
puriter lavit dentes,
Cat. 39, 14.—
b.
Comp., brightly, clearly:
splendens Pario marmore purius,
Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:
purius osculari,
Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—
c.
Sup.:
quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,
Cato, R. R. 66.—
B.
Trop., purely, chastely; plainly, clearly, simply.
(α).
Form pure:
si forte pure velle habere dixerit,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:
quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,
Cic. Sen. 5, 13:
pure et caste deos venerari,
id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:
radix caste pureque collecta,
Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:
pure et emendate loqui,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:
pure apparere,
clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:
quid pure tranquillet,
perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—
(β).
Form puriter:
si vitam puriter egi,
Cat. 76, 19.—
b.
Sup.:
Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,
Gell. 2, 20, 5:
purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,
very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—
2.
In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:
aliquid legare,
Dig. 8, 2, 35:
contrahi,
ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > purus
14 numero

m number

arabo, romano numeral

di scarpa size

numero di casa home (tele)phone number

numero di targa registration number, AE license number

numero di telefono phone number

numero di volo flight number

telecommunications sbagliare numero dial the wrong number

numero verde 0800 number, AE toll-free number

numero legale quorum

education numero chiuso restricted enrol(l)ment

sono venuti in gran numero lots of them came

colloq dare i numeri talk nonsense

* * *

numero s.m.

1 number; ( cifra) figure: numeri arabi, romani, Arabic, Roman numerals; numeri pari, dispari, even, odd numbers; numero a una cifra, single figure; numero di targa, licence number; numero di conto corrente, current account number; numero di serie, serial number; hai il posto n 27, you have seat No 27; vada allo sportello n 3, go to window No 3 // è il numero uno nella sua azienda, he is number one in his firm // estrarre i numeri ( al lotto), to draw the numbers // dare i numeri, (fig.) to be off one's head // (mat.): numeri cardinali, ordinali, cardinal, ordinal numbers; numero intero, integer; numero naturale, razionale, irrazionale, reale, immaginario, natural, rational, irrational, real, imaginary number; numero primo, prime number; numero periodico, repeater // (stat.) legge dei grandi numeri, law of large numbers // (fis.): numero isotopico, isotopic number; numero di massa, nuclear (o mass) number; numeri magici, magic numbers; numero quantico, quantum number // (inform.): numero casuale, random number; numero d'ordine, sequence number; numero di verifica, clock number; numero ( di registrazione) di blocco, block serial number; numero di bit del microprocessore, bit size; numero di iterazioni, cycle criterion // (mecc.) numero categorico, part number // (econ.): inflazione a un numero, single figure inflation; numero indice dei prezzi, price index number

2 ( di telefono) telephone number: qual è il tuo numero di telefono?, what's your telephone number?; fare, comporre un numero telefonico, to dial a number; scusi, ho sbagliato numero, sorry, I've got the wrong number // numero verde, freephone number; (amer.) toll-free number

3 numero civico, street number: abita in via Roma ma non so a che numero, she lives in via Roma but I don't know the number; abito al n 28, I live at No 28

4 ( taglia, misura) size: un paio di scarpe numero 38, a pair of size 38 shoes; che numero di guanti porti?, what size gloves do you wear?

5 ( quantità) number: un gran numero di, a large number of (o a lot of o a great many); c'era un gran numero di persone, there was (o were) a large number of people; ha un numero incredibile di abiti, she has an amazing number of clothes; al congresso c'era un buon, un discreto numero di partecipanti stranieri, a good, a fair number of foreigners took part in the congress; le richieste oltrepassavano il numero dei biglietti a disposizione, the demand exceeded the number of tickets available; il numero dei partecipanti era superiore ai posti disponibili, the partecipantes outnumbered the places available; siamo sopraffatti dal numero di richieste, we are overwhelmed by the number of requests // erano cinquanta di numero, they were fifty in number; eravamo in due di numero, there were just two of us // (comm.) vendere a numero, to sell by the piece // far numero, to make up the number // numero chiuso, programmato, restricted (o selective) entry; università a numero chiuso, university that applies selective entry // (dir.): numero legale, quorum; raggiungere il numero legale, to form a quorum // (mecc.) numero di giri, number of revolutions

6 ( compagnia, gruppo) number, circle, set: avere un ristretto numero di amici, to have a small circle (o number) of friends; tu non entri nel numero dei fortunati, you are not one of the lucky ones; essere nel numero degli eletti, to be numbered among the elects // uscire dal numero, ( distinguersi) to stand out // andare nel numero dei più, ( morire) to die

7 pl. (banca) ( nel calcolo degli interessi attivi e passivi) products: numeri rossi, ( scoperto di conto corrente) overdraft (o red); interesse sui numeri rossi, red interest

8 ( di giornale, rivista) number, issue: numero arretrato, back number (o back issue); nel numero di domani troverete il supplemento, in tomorrow's issue you will find the supplement // numero unico, one-off issue // numero zero, sample issue

9 ( di uno spettacolo) number, turn, item: un numero comico, a comedy (o comic) turn // che numero quel ragazzo!, (fig.) what a scream that boy is!

10 (spec. pl.) ( qualità) quality: ha molti numeri, he has many good qualities; quello scrittore ha i numeri per avere successo, that writer has what it takes to succeed (o the right recipe for success); quel cavallo ha tutti i numeri per vincere, that horse has got what it takes to win // avere dei numeri, to have the right qualities

11 (gramm.) number: questo sostantivo è di numero plurale, this noun is in the plural (number)

12 (mus.) numbers (pl.)

13 (letter.) ( ritmo) rhythm.

* * *
['numero]
sostantivo maschile

1) mat. number; (cifra) figure

un numero di due cifre — a two-digit number

numero positivo, negativo — positive, negative number

2) (cifra che distingue persone e cose) number

numero di telefono — (tele)phone number

giocare un numero — to bet on a number (in a lottery)

sbagliare (il) numero — (al telefono) to dial the wrong number

abitare al numero 7 — (civico) to live at number 7

il numero due del partito — the number two party member

essere il numero uno della hit-parade — to be number one in the charts

3) (di scarpe) (shoe) size

che numero hai o porti? — what's your shoe size? what size are you?

4) (di giornale, periodico) issue, number

il prossimo numero — the next issue

numero arretrato — back issue

5) (quantità) (di persone, oggetti) number, amount

il numero degli iscritti sta diminuendo — membership is declining

un gran numero di — a great deal of

essere pochi di numero — to be few in number

in numero uguale — in equal numbers

6) ling. number

7) (esibizione) act, number

numero di canto e ballo — song and dance act o routine

numero principale — star turn

numero d'apertura — teatr. opener

•

numero arabo — Arabic numeral

numero atomico — chim. atomic number

numero cardinale — cardinal number

numero decimale — decimal

numero dispari — odd number

numero d'immatricolazione — aut. registration number

numero interno — tel. extension

numero intero — integer, whole number

numero legale — quorum

numero ordinale — ordinal number

numero pari — even number

numero primo — prime (number)

numero romano — Roman numeral

numero di serie — serial number

numero di targa — plate o registration BE number

numero verde — Freefone®; BE, toll-free number AE

numero zero — (edizione) trial issue

- i di emergenza — emergency numbers

••

dare i -i — to go off one's head, to flip one's lid, to lose one's marbles

andare nel numero dei più — to cross the great divide

avere dei -i — to have what it takes

* * *

numero

/'numero/ ⇒ 26, 35

sostantivo m.

1 mat. number; (cifra) figure; un numero di due cifre a two-digit number; numero positivo, negativo positive, negative number

2 (cifra che distingue persone e cose) number; numero di telefono (tele)phone number; giocare un numero to bet on a number (in a lottery); sbagliare (il) numero (al telefono) to dial the wrong number; abitare al numero 7 (civico) to live at number 7; il numero due del partito the number two party member; essere il numero uno della hit-parade to be number one in the charts

3 (di scarpe) (shoe) size; che numero hai o porti? what's your shoe size? what size are you?

4 (di giornale, periodico) issue, number; il prossimo numero the next issue; numero arretrato back issue

5 (quantità) (di persone, oggetti) number, amount; il numero degli iscritti sta diminuendo membership is declining; un gran numero di a great deal of; essere pochi di numero to be few in number; in numero uguale in equal numbers

6 ling. number

7 (esibizione) act, number; numero di canto e ballo song and dance act o routine; numero principale star turn; numero d'apertura teatr. opener

IDIOMS

dare i -i to go off one's head, to flip one's lid, to lose one's marbles; andare nel numero dei più to cross the great divide; avere dei -i to have what it takes

\

COMPOUNDS

numero arabo Arabic numeral; numero atomico chim. atomic number; numero cardinale cardinal number; numero decimale decimal; numero dispari odd number; numero d'immatricolazione aut. registration number; numero interno tel. extension; numero intero integer, whole number; numero legale quorum; numero ordinale ordinal number; numero pari even number; numero primo prime (number); numero romano Roman numeral; numero di serie serial number; numero di targa plate o registration BE number; numero verde Freefone^® BE, toll-free number AE; numero zero (edizione) trial issue; - i di emergenza emergency numbers.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > numero
15 ab

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:
AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;
AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;
AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;
AF SOLO,
ib. 589;
AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):
abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):
abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:
abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;
and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;
and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
I.
In space, and,
II.
Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
I.
Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):
Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:
fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:
ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:
illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:
venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
b.
Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:
oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:
quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:
ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:
protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:
profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;
of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:
classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;
of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:
legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.
c.
Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):
Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:
libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:
Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:
cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:
multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:
so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:
a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:
ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
B.
Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
1.
Of separation:
ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:
abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:
tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:
absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—
2.
Of distance:
quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:
nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:
hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:
terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:
non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):
cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:
qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:
quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:
procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:
tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;
v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:
tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:
tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:
onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:
duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —
3.
To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:
picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:
pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:
non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:
erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
II.
Fig.
A.
In time.
1.
From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:
Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:
mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:
Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:
ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:
a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:
ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:
confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:
statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;
and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:
protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:
Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—
Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:
secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
2.
With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:
ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:
infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:
vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:
cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:
in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:
centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:
cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:
ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:
diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:
quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:
jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:
ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:
cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:
a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:
pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
b.
Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:
qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:
mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,
a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:
jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:
ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:
jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:
ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.
followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:
a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:
usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:
jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:
a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:
viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;
rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:
qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,
a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:
a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:
a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:
ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:
ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:
a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:
a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:
a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:
ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:
ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;
and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
B.
In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
1.
In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):
suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:
qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:
hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:
quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:
condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:
mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:
si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:
quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:
ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:
ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:
ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):
qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:
tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:
Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:
quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:
hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:
discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):
quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:
alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):
subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:
haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:
non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
2.
In partic.
a.
To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:
a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:
ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:
disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:
illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:
ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:
pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:
niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:
quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:
salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:
a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:
ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):
levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:
a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:
si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:
ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:
metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:
bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:
ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:
lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:
Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:
tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:
vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,
ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:
si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:
deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;
and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:
ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:
(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
b.
With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:
pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:
Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):
obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
c.
In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:
(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
d.
With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:
da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,
da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:
coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:
cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:
a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
e.
With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:
a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:
tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:
Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:
expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:
haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):
ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:
ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:
ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
f.
With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:
el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:
ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:
metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;
v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:
postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
g.
With verbs of fastening and holding:
funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:
cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
h.
Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:
a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
i.
Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):
id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
j.
Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:
doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:
a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:
a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,
a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:
laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
k.
Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:
ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:
a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:
orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):
locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:
sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:
ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:
ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;
so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
l.
In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:
linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:
ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
m.
Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:
ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:
fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:
dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.
n.
In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:
scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
o.
In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:
qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:
ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:
nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
p.
To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;
in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,
a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
q.
The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:
a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:
a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:
ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:
ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:
a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:
a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;
Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:
a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.
► a.
Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:
Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:
a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:
a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:
res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
b.
Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
c.
It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:
a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:
a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:
a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:
a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:
damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
d.
The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):
aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:
aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:
aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:
aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:
a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:
abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:
a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §
7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
e.
A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
III.
In composition ab,
1.
Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
2.
It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab
16 रूप

rūpá
n. (perhaps connected with varpa, varpas;

ifc. f. ā, rarely ī) any outward appearance orﾠ phenomenon orﾠ colour (often pl.), form, shape, figure RV. etc. etc. ( rūpeṇa ifc. in the form of;
rūpam-kṛi orﾠ bhū, to assume a form;
often ifc. = « having the form orﾠ appearance orﾠ colour of», « formed orﾠ composed of», « consisting of», « like to» ;
sometimes used after an adj. orﾠ p.p. to emphasize its meaning orﾠ almost redundantly cf. ghora-r-;
orﾠ connected with a verb e.g.. pacati-rūpam, he cooks very well cf. Pāṇ. 8-1, 57);
dreamy orﾠ phantom shapes (pl.) VS. ṠBr. ;
handsome form, loveliness, grace, beauty, splendour RV. etc. etc.;
nature, character, peculiarity, feature, mark, sign, symptom VS. etc. etc.;
likeness, image, reflection Mn. Kathās. ;
circumstances (opp. to « time» andﾠ « place») Mn. VIII, 45 ;
sort, kind R. Suṡr. ;
mode, manner, way Kap. ;
(ifc.) trace of. R. ;
a single specimen orﾠ exemplar ( andﾠ therefore a term for the number « one») VarBṛS. Gaṇit. ;
a partic. coin (prob. a rupee) VarBṛS. ;
a show, play, drama Daṡar. ;
(in alg.) the arithmetical unit;
(pl.) integer number;
known orﾠ absolute number, a known quantity as having specific form ( andﾠ expressed by rū i.e. first syllable of rūpa) IW. 182 ;
(in gram.) any form of a noun orﾠ verb (as inflected by declension orﾠ conjugation) Pāṇ. 1-1, 68 etc.. ;
(in phil.) the quality of colour (one of the 17 orﾠ 24 Guṇas of the Vaiṡeshikas) IW. 68 ;
(with Buddhists) material form i.e. the organized body (as one of the 5 constituent elements orﾠ Skandhas) Dharmas. 22 MWB. 109 ;
(in dram.) a reflection orﾠ remark made under partic. circumstances when the action is at its height ( garbhe) Bhar. Daṡar. etc.. ;
(only L.) cattle;
a beast;
a sound, word;
rereading a book (= granthâ̱vṛitti);
m. a word of unknown meaning AV. XVIII, 3, 40 ;
(pl.) N. of a people MBh. ;
m. orﾠ n. N. of a place (v.l. rūma) Cat. ;
(ā) f. N. of a river VP. ;
- रूपकर्तृ
- रूपकविराजगोस्वामिगुणलेशसूचकाष्टक
- रूपकान्ता
- रूपकार
- रूपकृत्
- रूपगुण
- रूपगोस्वामिन्
- रूपग्रह
- रूपचन्द्र
- रूपचिन्तामणि
- रूपजीव
- रूपजीवना
- रूपज्ञ
- रूपतत्त्व
- रूपतम
- रूपतरंगिणी
- रूपतर्क
- रूपतस्
- रूपता
- रूपत्व
- रूपदीपकपिङ्गल
- रूपदेव
- रूपधर
- रूपधातु
- रूपधारिन्
- रूपधृक्
- रूपधृत्
- रूपधेय
- रूपनयन
- रूपनारायण
- रूपनाशन
- रूपनाशिन्
- रूपप
- रूपपति
- रूपपरिकल्पना
- रूपपुर
- रूपप्रश्न
- रूपभागानुबन्ध
- रूपभागापवाह
- रूपभाज्
- रूपभृत्
- रूपभेद
- रूपमञ्जरी
- रूपमण्डन
- रूपमती
- रूपमात्र
- रूपमाला
- रूपयौवनवत्
- रूपयौवनोत्साहिन्
- रूपरत्नाकर
- रूपरसगन्धस्पर्शवत्
- रूपरसस्पर्शवत्
- रूपराग
- रूपलता
- रूपलावण्य
- रूपवज्रा
- रूपवत्
- रूपवासिक
- रूपवाहिक
- रूपविचार
- रूपविपर्यय
- रूपविभाग
- रूपशस्
- रूपशालिन्
- रूपशिखा
- रूपसनातन
- रूपसमृद्ध
- रूपसमृद्धि
- रूपसम्पत्ति
- रूपसम्पद्
- रूपसम्पन्न
- रूपसिद्धि
- रूपसेन
- रूपसौभाग्यवत्
- रूपस्कन्ध
- रूपस्थ
- रूपस्पर्शवत्
- रूपहानि

Sanskrit-English dictionary > रूप
17 corruptus [1]

1. corruptus, a, um, PAdi, m. Compar. u. Superl. (v. corrumpo), verdorben, verderbt, I) eig., physisch (Ggstz. incorruptus, integer): caeli tractus, Verg.: aqua, Cels.: umor, Quint.: corpus, Cels.: dens, Cels.: hordeum, Caes.: coria, Caes.: lacus sapore corruptior, Tac.: iter factum corruptius imbri, Hor.: corruptissimum genus (unguentorum), Plin. – Plur. subst., corrupta, ōrum, n., die verderbten Teile (des Körpers), Cels. praef. p. 5, 11 D. – II) übtr.: a) in der Aussprache oder Schrift unvollständig (Ggstz. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68. – b) im Audruck und Gedanken verderbt, verschroben = geschmacklos, consuetudo (Sprachgebrauch) vitiosa et c. (Ggstz. pura et incorrupta), Cic.: vitiosum et c. dicendi genus, Quint.: multo corruptior sententia, Sen. rhet.: corruptissima res omnium, quae umquam dictae sunt, Sen. rhet.: Plur. subst., corrupta, ōrum, n., verschrobene Gedanken (Ggstz. sana), Sen. rhet. – v. Redner, Dichter usw., ingenio corruptus, Quint.: tumidi et corrupti, Quint.: corrupti (Ggstz. culte dicentes od. laeti, die geschmackvollen Redner), Sen. – c) moralisch verderbt, verdorben, ruchlos, civitas, Sall.: Baiae, Prop.: civitatis corrupti mores, Sall.: Sardanapalus vir muliere corruptior, Iustin.: nihil urbis eius corruptius moribus, Curt.: homines omnium ordinum corruptissimi, Sall. fr.: corruptissimum saeculum, Tac.: corruptissima res publica, Tac. – Insbes.: α) verführt, bes. durch Geschenke bestochen, iudex, Hor.: iudicia, Cic.: adversarius, Suet.: iudices corruptissimi, Ps. Ascon. – c. indicium, eine durch Bestechung erwirkte Anzeige, Cic. – β) durch Unzucht verführt, geschändet, adulescentulus, Cic.: virgo, Val. Max.: quis corruptor iuventutis, quis corruptus, quis perditus inveniri potest, qui etc., Cic. – / Altlat. Form corrumptus, Plaut. trin. 114.

lateinisch-deutsches > corruptus [1]
18 ganze Zahl

f < math> ■ integer; integer number form ; whole number coll

German-english technical dictionary > ganze Zahl
19 corruptus

1. corruptus, a, um, PAdi, m. Compar. u. Superl. (v. corrumpo), verdorben, verderbt, I) eig., physisch (Ggstz. incorruptus, integer): caeli tractus, Verg.: aqua, Cels.: umor, Quint.: corpus, Cels.: dens, Cels.: hordeum, Caes.: coria, Caes.: lacus sapore corruptior, Tac.: iter factum corruptius imbri, Hor.: corruptissimum genus (unguentorum), Plin. – Plur. subst., corrupta, ōrum, n., die verderbten Teile (des Körpers), Cels. praef. p. 5, 11 D. – II) übtr.: a) in der Aussprache oder Schrift unvollständig (Ggstz. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68. – b) im Audruck und Gedanken verderbt, verschroben = geschmacklos, consuetudo (Sprachgebrauch) vitiosa et c. (Ggstz. pura et incorrupta), Cic.: vitiosum et c. dicendi genus, Quint.: multo corruptior sententia, Sen. rhet.: corruptissima res omnium, quae umquam dictae sunt, Sen. rhet.: Plur. subst., corrupta, ōrum, n., verschrobene Gedanken (Ggstz. sana), Sen. rhet. – v. Redner, Dichter usw., ingenio corruptus, Quint.: tumidi et corrupti, Quint.: corrupti (Ggstz. culte dicentes od. laeti, die geschmackvollen Redner), Sen. – c) moralisch verderbt, verdorben, ruchlos, civitas, Sall.: Baiae, Prop.: civitatis corrupti mores, Sall.: Sardanapalus vir muliere corruptior, Iustin.: nihil urbis eius corruptius moribus, Curt.: homines omnium ordinum corruptissimi, Sall. fr.: corruptissimum saeculum, Tac.: cor-

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ruptissima res publica, Tac. – Insbes.: α) verführt, bes. durch Geschenke bestochen, iudex, Hor.: iudicia, Cic.: adversarius, Suet.: iudices corruptissimi, Ps. Ascon. – c. indicium, eine durch Bestechung erwirkte Anzeige, Cic. – β) durch Unzucht verführt, geschändet, adulescentulus, Cic.: virgo, Val. Max.: quis corruptor iuventutis, quis corruptus, quis perditus inveniri potest, qui etc., Cic. – ⇒ Altlat. Form corrumptus, Plaut. trin. 114.

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2. corruptus, a, um, s. corripio ⇒.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > corruptus
20 floating point

= FP

1) плавающая запятая (точка)

система представления и обработки действительных чисел в компьютере. Позволяет выводить их с заданным числом десятичных цифр. Соответственно говорят о реализованной в компьютере арифметике с плавающей запятой (точкой) (floating-point math)

см. тж. binary floating point, exponent, exponent form, floating point constant, floating-point emulation, FPU, integer, mantissa, scientific notation

2) (см. тж. floating-point) - с плавающей запятой (точкой)

The 486 microprocessor allowed concurrent execution of a single floating-point instruction along with a single integer instruction. — Микропроцессор 486 позволял одновременно с командой с плавающей запятой исполнять команду целочисленной арифметики см. тж. floating-point coprocessor, floating-point number

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > floating point

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integer form

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integer form

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